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Second-hand smoke

Health hazards of second-hand smoke

Second-hand smoke (SHS), also referred to as passive smoking or Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS), is a serious public health risk. The 2006 US Surgeon General's report referred to second-hand smoke as "a serious health hazard that can lead to disease and premature death in children and nonsmoking adults."

In March 2010, the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicans launched a major new report entitled 'Passive smoking and children' (link to pdf of conclusions and recommendations)  which outlined how children are particularly vulnerable to passive smoke exposure, most of which occurs in the home.  About 2 million children currently live in a household where they are exposed to cigarette smoke and many more are exposed outside the home.  Using evidence-based studies and additional analysis,  the report contains alarming new estimates for key measures of health damage attributable to passive smoking, which for children each year causes:

  • Over 20,000 cases of lower respiratory tract infection
  • 120,000 cases of middle ear disease
  • At least 22,000 new cases of wheeze and asthma
  • 200 cases of bacterial meningitis
  • 40 sudden infant deaths - one in five of all SIDs.

ASH Scotland has received funding from the Big Lottery Fund to manage a new research project called REFRESH (Reducing families' exposure to second-hand smoke in the home).  This project will deliver a portfolio of research to develop tools for community health workers to help them reduce children’s exposure to second-hand smoke, particularly in deprived communities.
 


Legislation to reduce exposure to second-hand smoke

At 6am on 26th March 2006, Smoke-free legislation was implemented in Scotland. The Smoking, Health and Social Care (Scotland) Act 2005 banned smoking in enclosed public places (with limited exemptions) and in doing so helped protect the Scottish public from the dangers of second-hand smoke.

  • National evaluation of Scotland's smoke-free legislation
  • Cochrane Library intervention review 2010: Legislative smoking bans for reducing secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption
  • International Agency for Cancer Research:  Evaluating the effectiveness of smoke-free policies (2008)
     

Further resources

  • Latest research on second-hand smoke (updated weekly)
  • ASH Scotland briefing on child exposure to second-hand smoke in the home (March 2010) (pdf 83kb)
  • ASH Scotland briefing on smoking in cars(April 2009 - amended April 2010) (pdf, 55kb)
  • The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: a report of the Surgeon General (2006)
  • Passive smoking and associated causes of death in adults in Scotland (2005)
    This report estimates the number of deaths from the major-smoking-related causes of deaths in Scottish adults that can be attributed to passive smoking. Published by NHS Health Scotland.
  • SCOTH Report: secondhand smoke, review of the evidence since 1998 (2004)
    UK Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health (SCOTH) report published in November 2004 -provides an update of the evidence on health effects of second-hand smoke.
  • A Killer on the Loose (2003)
    April 2003 Report written by international expert on environmental tobacco smoke James Repace, showing that around 12000 UK non-smokers die each year as a result of their exposure to secondhand smoke. Published by ASH in London.
  • WHO Report (2000)  Policies to Reduce Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke.

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  • © ASH Scotland 2010

Action on Smoking & Health (Scotland) (ASH Scotland) is a registered Scottish charity (SC 010412) and a
company limited by guarantee(Scottish company no 141711). The registered office is 8 Frederick Street,
Edinburgh EH2 2HB.

ASH Scotland acknowledges with thanks the support of the British Heart Foundation and the Scottish Government in developing our website.

  • British Heart Foundation
  • Scottish Government