1. Customs figures.
2. Joossens L & Raw M. (1998) Cigarette smuggling in Europe: who really benefits? Tobacco Control; 7: 66-71
3. ASH England Press Release 7 December 1999MPs told 75% of cigarette smuggling is due to organised gangs and large scale fraud'.
4. Customs figures
5. Customs & Excise Press Release 21 September 2000 Don't be blind to the crime http://213.38.88.195/coi/coipress.nsf/48e8d42bf5f1f414802567350056e057/c673c7eff09bdcb48025696100534206?OpenDocument
6. Independent on Sunday 24 September 2000 Tobacco firms face quiz in cigarette smuggling inquiry.
7. Joossens L & Raw M 'How can cigarette smuggling be reduced?' British Medical Journal 2000; 321:947-50
8. Joossens L & Raw M 'How can cigarette smuggling be reduced?' British Medical Journal 2000; 321:947-50
9. Health Select Committee. (2000) The tobacco industry and the health risks of smoking. Second report Vol 1. Report and proceedings of the Committee. http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm199900/cmselect/cmhealth/27/2702.htm See also http://www.ash.org.uk/html/smuggling/html/submission.html
10. Eastern District of New York Complaint filed by The European Community 2000 http://www.nyed.uscourts.gov/pub/rulings/cv/2000/00cv6617cmp.pdf
11. Joossens L & Raw M 'How can cigarette smuggling be reduced?' British Medical Journal 2000; 321:947-50
12. Joossens L & Raw M 'How can cigarette smuggling be reduced?' British Medical Journal 2000; 321:947-50
13. WHO (2000) Proposed draft elements for a WHO framework convention on tobacco control: provisional texts with comments of working group. http://www.who.int/wha-1998/Tobacco/INB/anglaisINB.htm
14. HM Treasury (1997) Budget Statement http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/pub/html/budget97/speech.html
15. HM Treasury. (2000) Budget Statement http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/budget2000/fsbr/contents.htm
16. Scottish Executive Press Release 21 August 2000.
17. HM Treasury (2001) Budget Statement http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/budget2001/fsbr/chapa.html
18. HM Treasury. (1999) Budget Statement http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/budget/1999/speech.html
19. Customs & Excise Press Release 9 November 1999 Crackdown on Tobacco Fraudsters http://213.38.88.195/coi/coipress.nsf/48e8d42bf5f1f414802567350056e057/83b9d2cd4d7c1cf280256824005cb7af?OpenDocument
20. HM Treasury Press Release 22 March 2000 Tobacco Smugglers Told - Your Time is Up http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/budget2000/hmtce1.html
21. Customs & Excise Press Release 9 February 2000 Tobacco and alcohol smugglers to lose vehicles for first offence http://213.38.88.195/coi/coipress.nsf/48e8d42bf5f1f414802567350056e057/11666264983e7397802568800040548e?OpenDocument
22. Information from Customs & Excise in Scotland February 2001
23. Edinburgh Evening News. 21 September 2000 Customs smokes out the tobacco smugglers
24. Customs news release SCO / 012 April 17 2001. Staff Reporter (2001) Smuggler jailed for 2m cigs scam. Evening Times. 17 April.
25. Customs & Excise Press Release 5 October 2000 Number's up for newsagent http://213.38.88.195/coi/coipress.nsf/48e8d42bf5f1f414802567350056e057/6a4bab36f369dbe98025696f00511e76?OpenDocument
26. Information from Customs & Excise in Scotland.
27. Edinburgh Evening News. 21 September 2000 Customs smokes out the tobacco smugglers
28. Customs figures
29. Grampian Health Promotions http://www.health-promotions.com/page6.cfm?page ID=258.
30. Customs & Excise Press Release 21 September 2000 Don't be blind to the crime http://213.38.88.195/coi/coipress.nsf/48e8d42bf5f1f414802567350056e057/c673c7eff09bdcb48025696100534206?OpenDocument
31. HM Treasury Press Release 22 March 2000 Tobacco Smugglers Told - Your Time is Up http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/budget2000/hmtce1.html
32. International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. (2001) Tobacco Companies Linked to Criminal Organisations in Lucrative Cigarette Smuggling http://www.public-i.org/story_01_030301.htm 3 March; Paton Walsh, N. (2000) Mafia's £2.5bn smoke ring. The Observer 9 April.
33. Customs & Excise Press Release 9 February 2000 Tobacco and alcohol smugglers to lose vehicles for first offence http://213.38.88.195/coi/coipress.nsf/48e8d42bf5f1f414802567350056e057/11666264983e7397802568800040548e?OpenDocument
34. Record Reporter (2001). Smugglers are hit by cig swoop. Daily Record 13 February.
35. Montreal Gazette 18 December 1999 Tobacco Insider Talks
36. Joossens L & Raw M. (1998) Cigarette smuggling in Europe: who really benefits? Tobacco Control; 7: 66-71
37. Joossens L & Raw M 'How can cigarette smuggling be reduced?' British Medical Journal 2000; 321:947-50
38. World Bank. (1999) Curbing the Epidemic. Governments and the Economics of Tobacco Control, Washington: The World Bank
39. Godfrey C. (1999) 'How does price influence consumption?' Paper presented at the Health Education Authority seminar Tobacco Smuggling and taxation: what is the future for the UK's tobacco price policy?
40. Townsend J. (1995) 'The burden of smoking' in Benzeval M, Judge K and Whitehead M (eds) Tackling Inequalities in Health. An Agenda for Action, London: Kings Fund.
41. Marsh A & Mackay S. (1994) Poor Smokers, London: Policy Studies Institute
42. Gaunt-Richardson P et al (1999) Breaking Down the Barriers, Edinburgh: ASH Scotland
43. Royal College of Physicians. (2000) Nicotine Addiction in Britain, London: RCP
44. Health Select Committee. (2000) The tobacco industry and the health risks of smoking. Second report Vol 1. Report and proceedings of the Committee. http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm199900/cmselect/cmhealth/27/2702.htm
45. Scottish Executive. (1998) Smoking Kills. A White Paper on Tobacco, London: The Stationery Office.
46. Health Select Committee. (2000) The tobacco industry and the health risks of smoking. Second report Vol 1. Report and proceedings of the Committee. http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm199900/cmselect/cmhealth/27/2702.htm
47. Customs press release SCO / 015 May 3 2001
48. Goddard E & Higgins V (1999) Smoking, drinking and drug use among young teenagers in 1998. Vol 2: Scotland, London: The Stationery Office