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Covid-19 and smoking research

 

!!  This page is not updated anymore as of 03/2021  !!

 

The list below contains a non-exhaustive list of published articles on scientific research which includes information or data on smoking, nicotine and Covid-19. These have been collated to facilitate research and help inform opinion. 

 

Note of caution

After careful deliberation we have added preprint articles, i.e. not yet peer reviewed scientific articles. This is not something we would ordinarily do. However, the peer review process can take some time in what is currently a fast-moving situation. Some preprints have already proven a valuable source in the research community. Hence, given the urgency of the situation we feel that it is important these papers are considered. However, there is an increased risk of errors and incorrect claims made in preprints/unpublished articles. We invite readers to interpret these with due consideration. These papers can be found at the bottom of the page. 

Tobacco Industry funding

The Tobacco Industry (TI) has a history of influencing research, and indeed many scientific journals do not accept papers with TI funding for this reason. Due to the connection between Covid-19 and smoking and nicotine, it is a prime opportunity for TI to seek to influence research and this is not always easy to identify. There is evidence this may indeed be occurring. For more information on this please follow the below links:  

Tobacco tactics 

Stopping Tobacco Organisations and Products (STOP.) 

 

(If you identify any errors or would like new or missing papers to be included please email us on enquiries@ashscotland.org.uk. Some papers are preprints for which newer versions are likely to become available or some papers may be rejected for publication) 

 

** Research based on UK data is highlighted with ' ** ' 

 

Search papers by date:

Where available publication dates have been standardised to the day/month/year format, this is done so  papers can be searched by date using the search function (ctl+f on Windows or CMD+f on Mac). E.g. when searching whether any papers are published on the 1st of June, search for '01/06'.

 

Meta-analysis/Systematic Reviews:  

Alqahtani JS, Oyelade T, Aldhahir AM, Alghamdi SM, et al. Prevalence, Severity and Mortality associated with COPD and Smoking in patients with COVID-19: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 11/05/2020 PloS One. 2020;15(5):e0233147. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233147

Emami A, Javanmardi F, Pirbonyeh N, Akbari A. Prevalence of Underlying Diseases in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 24/03/2020 24;8(1):e35.  

Farsalinos c, Barbouni A, Niaura R. Systematic review of the prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China: could nicotine be a therapeutic option? Internal and Emergency Medicinie. 09/05/2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02355-7 

Fu L, Wang B, Yuan T, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 10/04/2020 2020;80(6):656‐665. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.041

Gülsen A, Yigitbas BA, Uslu B, Drömann D, Kilinc O. The Effect of Smoking on COVID-19 Symptom Severity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pulm Med. 08/09/2020 2020:7590207. https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2020/7590207

Guo FR. Smoking Links to the Severity of Covid-19: An Update of a Meta-Analysis. J Med Vir. 05/05/2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25967 [update of Zhao et al, The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of Covid-19. 15/05/2020

Karanasos A, Aznaouridis K, Latsios G, et al. Impact of smoking status on disease severity and mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nicotine and Tobacco Research. 20/06/2020  https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa107

Li J, He X, Yuanyuan, et al. Meta-analysis investigating the relationship between clinical features, outcomes, and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia. Am J Infect Control. First published 12/06/2020 S0196-6553(20)30369-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.008

Lippi G and Henry BM. Active smoking is not associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Eur J Intern Med. 16/03/2020 16:S0953-6205(20)30110-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.03.014.     

Suggested correction to Lippi and Henry (above) - Guo FR. A flaw on a meta-analysis of smoking and the severity of COVID-19: the association should have been endorsed. J Public Health (Oxf). 16/06/2020 2020;fdaa083. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa083

Patanavanich R, Glantz SA. Smoking is Associated with COVID-19 Progression: A Meta-Analysis. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 11/05/2020 ntaa082, https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa082

Reddy RK, Charles WN, Sklavounos A et al. The effect of smoking on COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Virology. 04/08/2020.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26389 

Simons D, Shahab L, Brown J, Perski O. The association of smoking status with SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalisation and mortality from COVID-19: A living rapid evidence review with Bayesian meta-analyses (version 7). Addiction. 02/10/2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15276. 

Vardavas CI, Nikitara K. COVID-19 and smoking: A systematic review of the evidence. Tob Induc Dis. 20/03/2020 20;18:20. doi: 10.18332/tid/119324. http://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/COVID-19-and-smoking-A-systematic-review-of-the-evidence,119324,0,2.html    

World Health Organisation (WHO). Smoking and Covid-19 - Scientific Brief. 26/05/2020. https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/smoking-and-covid-19   

Zhao Q, Meng M, Kumar R, et al. The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of Covid-19: A systemic review and meta-analysis. 15/04/2020 J Med Virol. 2020.  https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jmv.25889

Zheng Z, Peng F, Xu B, et al. Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 23/04/2020 2020;S0163-4453(20)30234-6. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.021

 
Review articles/Editorials 

Archie SR, Cucullo L. Cerebrovascular and Neurological Dysfunction under the Threat of COVID-19: Is There a Comorbid Role for Smoking and Vaping? Int J Mol Sci. 30/05/2020 2020;21(11):E3916. doi:10.3390/ijms21113916

Edwards R, Munafò M. COVID-19 and tobacco – more questions than answers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 15/07/2020. ntaa132, https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa132

I Berlin, D Thomas, A Le Faou, J Cornuz. Smoking and Covid-19. Nicotine and Tobacco Control. 03/04/2020. https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntaa059/5815378  

Khot WY, Nadkar MY. The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak - A Global Threat. J Assoc Physicians India. 2020 Mar;68(3):67-71. PMID: 32138488.  

van Zyl-Smit RN, Richards G, Leone FT. Tobacco smoking and COVID-19 infection 22/05/2020. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;S2213-2600(20)30239-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30239-3

 

Covid-19 research papers reporting smoking status (55)

  • Adams SH, Park MJ, Schaub JP, Brindis CD, Irwin CE Jr. Medical Vulnerability of Young Adults to Severe COVID-19 Illness-Data From the National Health Interview Survey. 09/07/2020. J Adolesc Health. 2020;S1054-139X(20)30338-4. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.06.025
  • Adrish M, Chilimuri S, Mantri N, Sun H et al. Association of smoking status with outcomes in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. BMJ Open Respiratory Research. 07/10/2020 7(1):e000716. https://doi.org 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000716. 

  • Azar KMJ, Shen Z, Romanelli RJ et al. Disparities In Outcomes Among COVID-19 Patients In A Large Health Care System In California. Health Aff (Millwood) 21/05/2020. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00598

  • Bhargava A, Fukushima EA, Levine M et al. Predictors for Severe COVID-19 Infection. Clin Infect Dis. 30/05/2020. https://doi.org//10.1093/cid/ciaa674

  • Bi X, Su Z, Yan H et al. Prediction of severe illness due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of initial Fibrinogen to Albumin Ratio and Platelet count. Platelets. 05/05/2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537104.2020.1760230

  • Brenner EJ, Ungaro RC, Gearry RB et al. Corticosteroids, but Not TNF Antagonists, Are Associated With Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Results From an International Registry. Gastroenterology. 18/05/2020 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.032

  • Buckner FS, McCulloch DJ, Atluri V et al. Clinical Features and Outcomes of105 Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Seattle, Washington. Clin Infect Dis. 22/05/2020 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa632 

  • CDC COVID-19 Response Team. Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 - United States, February 12-March 28, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 69(13):382-86. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6913e2. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6913e2

  • Chen Q, Zheng Z, Zhang C et al. Clinical characteristics of 145 patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China. Infection. 28/04/2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01432-5

  • Chen T, Wu D, Chen H, Yan W, Yang D, et al.Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ. 26/03/2020 2020;368:m1091. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1091. 
  • **  deLusignan S, Dorward J, Correa A, Jones N, et al. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 among patients in the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre primary care network: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Infectious Diseases. 15/05/2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/
    S1473-3099(20)30371-6 **UK data
  • **  Docherty AB, Harrison EM, Green CA, et al. Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study. BMJ. 22/05/2020 2020;369:m1985. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1985 First published as MedXiv preprint on 28/04/2020 **UK data
  • Dong X, Cao YY, Lu XX, et al. Eleven Faces of Coronavirus Disease 2019. Allergy. 21/03/2020 doi: 10.1111/all.14289 

  • Gaiha, S. M. et al. Association Between Youth Smoking , Electronic Cigarette Use , and Coronavirus Disease 2019. J. Adolesc. Heal. 11/08/2020. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.002.

  • Giannouchos T, Sussman R, Mier JM, Poulas K.Farsalinos K. Characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 diagnosis and adverse outcomes in Mexico: an analysis of 89,756 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases. European Respiratory Journal. First published as a MedRxiv preprint on 07/06/2020.  https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02144-2020
  • Goyal P, Choi JJ, Pinheiro LC, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in New York City. N Engl J Med. 11/06/2020 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2010419
  • Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, et al.China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with Covid-19 in China: A Nationwide Analysis. Eur Respir J. 26/03/2020:2000547. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00547-2020. Epub ahead of print.
  • Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 30/04/2020 2020. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032

  • Hu L, Chen S, Fu Y et al. Risk Factors Associated With Clinical Outcomes in 323 COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. 23/05/2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa539

  • Huang J, Cheng A, Lin S, Zhu Y, Chen G. Individualized Prediction Nomograms for Disease Progression in Mild COVID-19. J Med Virol. 05/05/2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25969

  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
  • Ji D, Zhang D, Xu J et al. Prediction for Progression Risk in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia: The CALL Score. Clin Infect Dis 2020. 09/04/2020 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa414
  • Jin X, Lian JS, Hu JH, Gao J, et al.Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms. Gut. 24/03/2020. pii: gutjnl-2020-320926. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320926.
  • Khose S, Moore JX, Wang HE. Epidemiology of the 2020 Pandemic of COVID-19 in the State of Texas: The First Month of Community Spread. J Community Health. First published 04/06/2020 2020;45(4):696-701. doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00854-4
  • Klang E, Kassim G, Soffer S, et al. Morbid Obesity as an Independent Risk Factor for COVID-19 Mortality in Hospitalized Patients Younger Than 50. Obesity (Silver Spring). 23/05/2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22913
  • Klemperer EM, West JC, Peasley-Miklus C, Villanti AC. Change in tobacco and electronic cigarette use and motivation to quit in response to COVID-19. 28/04/2020. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;ntaa072. 
    https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa072
  • Koczkodaj P, Cedzyńska M, Didkowska J. Smoking and SARS-CoV-2: Are Polish health professionals at higher risk of infection? Tob Induc Dis. 05/06/2020. 2020;18:52. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/122760
  • Kozak R, Prost K, Yip L, Williams V, Leis JA, Mubareka S. Severity of coronavirus respiratory tract infections in adults admitted to acute care in Toronto, Ontario. J Clin Virol. 29/03/2020 126:104338. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104338. 
  • Lian J, Jin X, Hao S, Cai H, Zhang S et al. Analysis of Epidemiological and Clinical features in older patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) out of Wuhan. Clin Infect Dis. 25/03/2020. pii: ciaa242. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa242.
  • Liu W, Tao ZW, Lei W, Ming-Li Y, Kui L, et al. Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes inhospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease. Chin Med J (Engl). 28/02/2020. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000775.
  • Magleby R, Westblade LF, Trzebucki A, et al. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load on Risk of Intubation and Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 30]. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;ciaa851. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa851
  • Mo P, Xing Y, Xiao Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of refractory COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis 2020 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa270 [published Online First: 17/03/2020
  • Perski O, Herbeć A, Shahab L, Brown J. Has the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak influenced the uptake of a popular smoking cessation app in UK smokers? An interrupted time series analysis 27/05/2020. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020;10.2196/19494. doi:10.2196/19494
  • Petrilli CM, Jones SA, Yang J, et al. Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 22/05/2020. (First preprint published 11/04/2020) 2020;369:m1966. doi:10.1136/bmj.m1966

  • Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, et al. Dysregulation of immune response in patientswith COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. 12/03/2020 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa248

  • Rastrelli G, Di Stasi V, Inglese F, et al. Low testosterone levels predict clinical adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients. Andrology 2020. 20/05/2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12821

  • Shi Y, Yu X, Zhao H, et al. Host susceptibility to severe COVID-19 and establishment of a host risk score: findings of 487 cases outside Wuhan. 20/03/2020. Crit Care 2020;24(1):108 . doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-2833-7 

  • Stanton R, To QG, Khalesi S, et al. Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 07/06/2020. 2020;17(11):E4065. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114065

  • Sun DW, Zhang D, Tian RH, et al. The underlying changes and predicting role of peripheral blood inflammatory cells in severe COVID-19 patients: A sentinel? Clin Chim Acta. 14/05/2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.027

  • Toussie D, Voutsinas N, Finkelstein M, et al. Clinical and Chest Radiography Features Determine Patient Outcomes In Young and Middle Age Adults with COVID-19. Radiology. 14/05/2020 https://doi.org./10.1148/radiol.2020201754

  • Wang K, Zhang Z, Yu M, Tao Y, Xie M. 15-day mortality and associated risk factors for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: an ambispective observational cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 23/04/2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06047-w

  • Vázquez JC, Redolar-Ripoll D. Epidemiological Data From the COVID-19 Outbreak in Spain for the Promotion of Tobacco Smoking Cessation Policies. Tob Use Insights. 08/05/2020  doi:10.1177/1179173X20924028
  • Wan S, Xiang Y, Fang W, et al. Clinical Features and Treatment of COVID-19 Patients in Northeast Chongqing. J Med Virol. 22/03/2020, doi: 10.1002/jmv.25783
  • Wang R, Pan M, Zhang X, Fan X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of 125 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Fuyang, Anhui, China. Int J Infect Dis. 11/04/2020 S1201-9712(20)30203-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.070. 
  • **Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, et al. OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19 death in 17 million patients. Nature. 08/07/2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 (first non-peer-reviewed version published on MedXiv, 17/05/2020. **UK data
  • Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in wuhan, China: a single-centred, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 24/02/2020 2020;0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5.

  • Yu X, Sun X, Cui P, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 333 confirmed cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in Shanghai, China. Transbound Emerg Dis. 29/04/2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13604

  • Zhang R, Ouyang H, Fu L, et al. CT features of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia according to clinical presentation: a retrospective analysis of 120 consecutive patients from Wuhan city. Eur Radiol. 11/04/2020  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-06854-1

  • Zhang JJ, Dong X, Cao YY, Yuan YD, Yang YB, Yan YQ, Akdis CA, Gao YD. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy. 19/02/2020. doi: 10.1111/all.14238. 
  • Zhang X, Cai H, Hu J, Lian J, Gu J, Zhang et al. Epidemiological, clinical characteristics of cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection with abnormal imaging findings. Int J Infect Dis. 15/03/2020. pii: S1201-9712(20)30172-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.040.
  • Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 11/03/2020. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
  • Zhu W, Xie K, Lu H, Xu L et al.Clinical features of suspected coronavirus disease 2019 in two emergency departments outside of Hubei, China. Journal of Medical Virology. 13/04/2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25763 

 

Smoking, Nicotine and the ACE-2 receptor

Brake SJ, Barnsley K, Lu W, McAlinden KD, Eapen MS, Sohal SS. Smoking Upregulates Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 Receptor: A Potential Adhesion Site for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19). J Clin Med. 20/03/2020 ;9(3):E841. doi: 10.3390/jcm9030841.  

Cai G, Bossé Y, Xiao F, Kheradmand F, Amos CI. Tobacco Smoking Increases the Lung Gene Expression of ACE2, the Receptor of SARS-CoV-2. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. Published 24/04/2020. doi:10.1164/rccm.202003-0693LE 

Garufi G, Carbognin L, Orlandi A, Tortora G, Bria E. Smoking habit and hospitalization for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related pneumonia: The unsolved paradox behind the evidence. Eur J Intern Med. 23/04/2020 2020;S0953-6205(20)30163-1. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2020.04.042

Gonzalez-Rubio J, Navarro-Lopez C, Lopez-Najera E et al. Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) and Nicotine in COVID-19 Patients: Trying to Calm the Storm. Front Immunol. 11/06/2020. 11:1359. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01359 

Kloc M, Ghobrial RM, Kubiak JZ. How nicotine can inhibit cytokine storm in the lungs and prevent or lessen the severity of COVID-19 infection? 06/06/2020. Immunol Lett. 2020;224:28‐29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2020.06.002

Leung JM, Yang CX, Tam A, Shaipanich T, Hackett TL et al. ACE-2 Expression in the Small Airway Epithelia of Smokers and COPD Patients: Implications for COVID-19. Eur Respir J. 08/04/2020 2000688. doi:10.1183/13993003.00688-2020. 

Leung JM, Yang CX, Sin DD. COVID-19 and Nicotine as a Mediator of ACE-2. European Respiratory Journal. 29/04/2020. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01261-202

Leung JM, Sin DD. Smoking, ACE-2, and COVID-19: Ongoing Controversies. 19/05/2020 .Eur Respir J. 2020;2001759. doi:10.1183/13993003.01759-2020

Lutchman D. Could the smoking gun in the fight against Covid-19 be the (rh) ACE2? 19/05/2020. Eur Respir J. 2001560. doi:10.1183/13993003.01560-2020

Oakes JM, Fuchs RM, Gardner JD, Lazartigues E, Yue X. Nicotine and the renin-angiotensin system. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2018;315(5):R895-R906. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00099.2018. 

Rajput DV. Systematic review of the prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China: could nicotine be a therapeutic option?: Comment. Intern Emerg Med. 08/06/2020. 2020;1‐2. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11739-020-02396-y

Sanches Jj , Acevedo N, Guzman E. Active smoking and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Differences in measurement of variables could cause errors in the results. Eur J Intern Med. First published 28/05/2020 2020;77:127-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.033 

Smith JC, Sausville EL, Girish V, et al. Cigarette smoke exposure and inflammatory signaling increase the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in the respiratory tract 16/05/2020. Dev Cell. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.012

Tindle HA, Newhouse PA, Freiberg MS. Beyond Smoking Cessation: Investigating Medicinal Nicotine to Prevent and Treat COVID-19. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. [Letter] 08/05/2020 ntaa077, https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa077

Voinsky I, Gurwitz D. Smoking and COVID-19: Similar bronchial ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression and higher TMPRSS4 expression in current versus never smokers.Drug Dev Res. 05/08/2020. doi:10.1002/ddr.21729

Yue X, Basting TM, Flanagan TW, Xu J, Lobell TD, et al. Nicotine Downregulates the Compensatory Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor of the Renin–Angiotensin System. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2018 Apr; 15(Suppl 2): S126–S127. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201706-464MG. 

 

Other Research articles (e.g. mechanisms/opinions/therapeutics)  

Cai H. Sex difference and smoking predisposition in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Apr;8(4):e20. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30117-X. Epub 11/03/2020. Erratum in: Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Apr;8(4):e26.  

Eisenberg S, Eisenberg MJ. Smoking Cessation During the COVID-19 Epidemic. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. ntaa075, 04/05/2020 https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa075

Jackson S E, Garnett C, Shahab L, Oldham M, Brown J. Association of the Covid‐19 lockdown with smoking, drinking, and attempts to quit in England: an analysis of 2019‐2020 data. Addiction. 21/10/2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15295

Kamiński M, Muth A, Bogdański P. Smoking, Vaping, and Tobacco Industry During COVID-19 Pandemic: Twitter Data Analysis. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 30/07/2020. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0384 

Kaur G, Lungarella G, Rahman I. SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 susceptibility and lung inflammatory storm by smoking and vaping. J Inflamm (Lond). 10/06/2020 2020;17:21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12950-020-00250-8

Klemperer EM, West JC, Peasley-Miklus C, Villanti AC. Change in tobacco and electronic cigarette use and motivation to quit in response to COVID-19. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 28/04/2020 ntaa072, https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa072

Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, Jones FK, Zheng Q, et al. The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application. Ann Intern Med. 10/03/2020. M20-0504. doi: 10.7326/M20-0504. 

Lee, J. J., Wang, M. P. & Yang, S. C. Will the tobacco industry ultimately triumph in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic?: a call for nurses’ action in tobacco control. Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 25/07/2020. 103726 doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103726.

Majmundar A, Allem J, Boley Cruz T, Unger JB. Public Health Concerns and Unsubstantiated Claims at the Intersection of Vaping and COVID-19 Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 14/04/2020. ntaa064. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa064

McAlinden KD, Eapen MS, Lu W, Chia C, et al. COVID-19 and vaping: risk for increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection? 19/05/2020. Eur Respir J. 2001645. doi:10.1183/13993003.01645-2020

Misra DP, Agarwal V, Gasparyan AY, Zimba O. Rheumatologists' perspective on coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and potential therapeutic targets. Clin Rheumatol. 10/04/2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-020-05073-9 Epub ahead of print.  

Patwardhan P. COVID-19: Risk of increase in smoking rates among England's 6 million smokers and relapse among England's 11 million ex-smokers. BJGP Open. 07/04/2020. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen20X101067

Siddiqi K, Siddiqui F, Khan A, Ansaari S, Kanaan M, Khokhar M, Islam Z, Mishu MP, Bauld L. The impact of COVID-19 on smoking patterns in Pakistan: findings from a longitudinal survey of smokers. Nicotine Tobacco Research. 08/10/2020 ntaa207. https://doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa207 

Vanderbruggen N, Matthys F, Van Laere S, Zeeuws D, Santermans L, Van den Ameele S, Crunelle CL. Self-Reported Alcohol, Tobacco, and Cannabis Use during COVID-19 Lockdown Measures: Results from a Web-Based Survey. Eur Addict Res. 22/08/2020. 2:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000510822

 

 

Current preprint (non-peer reviewed) articles 

 

Meta-analysis/Systematic reviews and reviews 

Gonzalez-Rubio, J. Navarro-Lopez, C. Lopez-Najera, E et al., What is Happening with Smokers and COVID-19? A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. 30/04/2020 Preprints2020, 2020040540 https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202004.0540.v1.  Preprint (NOT PEER REVIEWED)

Patanavanich R, Glantz SA. Smoking is associated with worse outcomes of COVID-19 particularly among younger adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 23/09/2020 medRxiv [Preprint]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.22.20199802  (NOT PEER REVIEWED)

 

Research papers analysing patient characteristics

  • Costa Monteiro, A. C. et al. Obesity and Smoking as Risk Factors for Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19: a Retrospective, Observational Cohort Study. medRxiv  Prepr. Serv. Heal. Sci. 17/08/2020 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.12.20173849. (NOT PEER REVIEWED)
  • Du R, Liang L, Yang C, Li M, Guo G et al. Patient Predisposition at Hospital Admission Indirectly Dictates Disease Severity, Clinical Course and Outcomes of COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients in Wuhan, China (February 19, 2020). The Lancet - Preprint. 19/02/0220 Available http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3543584 (NOT PEER REVIEWED) 
  • ** Hopkinson NS, Rossi N, Moustafa JE, Laverty AA, Quint JK, et al., Current tobacco smoking and risk from COVID-19: results from a population symptom app in over 2.4 million people. MedRxiv - preprint. 21/05/2020 2020.05.18.20105288; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.18.20105288  (NOT PEER REVIEWED)
  • Miyara M, et al., Low incidence of daily active tobacco smoking in patients with symptomatic COVID-19. Qeios. Preprint V3. https://www.qeios.com/read/article/574  (NOT PEER REVIEWED) 

  • Qi D, Yan X, Tang X, Peng J , Yu Q et al., Epidemiological and clinical features of 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease cases in Chongqing municipality, China: a retrospective, descriptive, multiple-center study. MedRxiv – Preprint. 03/03/2020. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.01.20029397v1 (NOT PEER REVIEWED)

 

Research on mechanisms/opinions/therapeutics  

CHANGEUX J, Amoura Z, Rey F, Miyara M. A nicotinic hypothesis for Covid-19 with preventive and therapeutic implications. Qeois. Version2. 22/04/2020 https://www.qeios.com/read/article/581 preprint (NOT PEER REVIEWED) 

Wang J, Luo Q, Chen R, Chen T, Li J. Susceptibility analysis of COVID-19 in smokers based on ACE2. Prereprints 05/03/2020 doi: 10.20944/preprints202003.0078.v (NOT PEER REVIEW)

 

(This page was last updated on 08/10/2020)

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