Research Digest September 2021

This page provides a non-exhaustive list of tobacco-related research articles identified weekly from PubMed by the ASH Scotland Information Service.

Search period: 28/08 - 01/10

Research Trawl 25 September - 1 October

Smoking and COVID-19 outcomes: an observational and Mendelian randomisation study using the UK Biobank cohort

Published: 28/09/2021, BMJ Thorax

Interpretation Congruent results from two analytical approaches support a causal effect of smoking on risk of severe COVID-19.

A respiratory pandemic should focus the mind on tobacco control

Published: 28/09/2021, BMJ Thorax

Exceprt: Editorial. The idea that tobacco smoking may protect against COVID-19 was always an improbable one. Both wreak terrible tolls on human lives; as of 13th July 2021, COVID-19 has killed an estimated 4 million people while tobacco smoking kills 8 million people every year. Yet some early evidence appeared to indicate that smoking tobacco was linked to a reduced risk of COVID-19 infection and death. This finding unsurprisingly generated substantial interest among researchers, the medical profession and the public. The paper by Clift et al4 in this issue advances our understanding of the links between tobacco smoking and COVID-19 by combining a range of relevant data to employ two separate analytic approaches. Together, these analyses suggest a causal role for tobacco smoking in COVID-19 severity.

Tobacco-induced sleep disturbances: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Published: 28/09/2021, Sleep Medicine Reviews

Conclusion: Smoking status should be carefully assessed in sleep medicine, while TISDs should be regularly explored in chronic tobacco users.

Dutch youth's smoking behaviour during a partial covid-19 lockdown

Published: 29/09/2021, Journal of Public Health Research

Results: In a cross-sectional sample of adolescents, smoking prevalence increased from 4.5% to 5.2%. Cigarette consumption remained the same on school days and increased with +1.9 cigarettes per weekend day. The largest increase in cigarette consumption on weekend days was observed for adolescents who 1) did not consider smoking a risk factor for contracting Covid-19 (+4.5), 2) had smoking siblings (+4.1), and 3) had smoking friends (+2.4). Youth without smoking friends (-0.8) and who considered smoking a risk factor for Covid-19 (-0.2) decreased their cigarette consumption.

Clinical practice guideline: evidence, recommendations and algorithm for the preoperative optimization of anemia, hyperglycemia and smoking

Published: 01/10/2021, Canadian Journal of Surgery

Aim: The aim of this guideline is to bring optimization in the preoperative period under the existing umbrella of evidence-based surgical care. We focus on 3 common comorbid conditions seen across surgical specialties - anemia, hyperglycemia and smoking - as these conditions increase complication rates in patients undergoing major surgery and can be optimized successfully as soon as 6-8 weeks before surgery.

Intersectionality of serious psychological distress, cigarette smoking, and substance use disorders in the United States: 2008-2018

Published: 20/09/2021, Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Conclusions: SPD was more than twice as common among adults with SUD who smoke cigarettes compared to those without SUD who do not smoke cigarettes, with the highest prevalence among adults with both SUD and daily smoking. While SPD has increased over time, differences depended on SUD status beyond the effect of cigarette smoking. These results provide further evidence for treating smoking and mental health problems together.

Comparative study of the effects of cigarette smoke versus next generation tobacco and nicotine product extracts on endothelial function

Published: 26/09/2021, Redox Biology

In conclusion, all product categories activated anti-oxidative or pro-inflammatory patterns. Next generation nicotine product responses were typically lower than in conventional cigarette (CS) exposed cells. Also, (CS) stimulation led to an impaired endothelial wound healing and induced a pro-inflammatory phenotype compared to NGP treatment.

Geographical distribution and social determinants of Tobacco 21 policy adoption and retail inspections in the United States, 2015-2019

Published: 16/09/2021, Tobacco Induced Diseases

Conclusions: Disparities in T21 adoption, retail inspections, and retail compliance may limit the policy impact. Unified enforcement of youth tobacco access restrictions with resources and interventions in vulnerable communities is needed to reduce tobacco-related health disparities.

Addicted to green: priming effect of menthol cigarette packaging on brain response to smoking cues

Published: 01/10/2021, Tobacco Control

Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate heightened motivational and perceptual salience of the green-hued menthol cigarette packaging that may exacerbate menthol smokers' susceptibility to smoking cues. These effects could contribute to the greater addiction severity among menthol smokers and could be considered in the development of science-based regulation and legal review of tobacco product marketing practices.

Research Trawl 18 - 25 September

Evaluating the impact of plain packaging among Canadian smokers: findings from the 2018 and 2020 ITC Smoking and Vaping Surveys

Published: 21/09/2021, Tobacco Control

Conclusions Plain packaging in Canada substantially reduced pack appeal and increased support for the policy among adult smokers; however, there was no increase in the effectiveness of Canada’s 8-year-old health warning lables. The impact of plain packaging on health warning effectiveness may depend on the design of the warnings and length of time since implementation.

Adolescents’ use of nicotine-free and nicotine e-cigarettes: A longitudinal study of vaping transitions and vaper characteristics

Published: 21/09/2021, Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Conclusions: Adolescent vapers most commonly used e-cigarettes without nicotine, few of these transitioned into nicotine vaping, and a majority became non-users. Nicotine vapers were more likely to use other tobacco products and have more conduct problems and symptoms of depression compared to nicotine-free vapers.

The short-term impact of standardised packaging on smoking and snus use in Norway

Published: 23/09/2021, Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Conclusions: The analyses indicate that standardised packaging in Norway did not produce a decline in men’s snus use. Results are inconclusive regarding smoking and women’s snus use. Exploratory analyses indicated a decrease in smoking and an increase in men’s snus use.

Dual and polytobacco use after a period of enforced tobacco cessation

Published: December 2021, Addictive Behaviour

Results: Participants: 810 US Navy Airmen following enforced tobacco ban during training. Among single product users, 44.58% quit using tobacco products, 47.1% remained single product users, and 8.32% became dual or polytobacco users. Among dual users, 39.1% quit, 43.1% became single product users, 14.2% remained dual users, and 3.7% became polytobacco users. Among polytobacco users, 29.9% quit, 43.4% became single product users, 17.9% became dual users, and 8.8% continued poly-tobacco use. Most participants reduced the number and frequency of tobacco products used.

Smoking and vaping patterns during pregnancy and the postpartum: A longitudinal UK cohort survey

Published: December 2021, Addictive Behaviour

Conclusion: Vaping prevalence was between 15.9% and 23.1% during pregnancy and the postpartum period, and the majority were dual users. Vaping habits of exclusive vapers remains stable throughout pregnancy and the postpartum. However, the vaping habits of dual users varies, with a third exclusively smoking in the postpartum.

Stability of and change in substance use risk personality: Gender differences and smoking cigarettes among early adolescents

Published: July 2021, Addictive Behaviour Reports

Results: Stability of personality was moderate for boys and ranged from moderate to high for girls. On average early adolescents became more impulsive and more sensation seeking over a period of 18 months. Furthermore, hopelessness for girls increased and the increase in sensation seeking was higher for girls than for boys. Third, smoking behavior was related to all personality traits, indicating that smoking adolescents are more anxious, hopeless, impulsive and sensation seeking than non-smoking adolescents.

E-Cigarette Toxicology

Published: 23/09/2021, Annual Reviews of Toxicology and Pharmacy

Outline: This review describes the experimental and clinical evidence of e-cigarette toxicity and deleterious health effects. Adverse health effects related to e-cigarette aerosols are influenced by several factors, including e-liquid components, physical device factors, chemical changes related to heating, and health of the e-cigarette user (e.g., asthmatic).

Increased smoking and e-cigarette use among Irish teenagers: A new threat to Tobacco Free Ireland 2025

Published: 20/09/2021, European Research Journal

Intro: Tobacco Free Ireland is an Irish Government policy which demands that the prevalence of

tobacco smoking in Ireland be less than 5% by 2025. From 1995 to 2015, teen smoking

decreased from 41% in 1995 to 13.1 % in 2015, and SimSmoke modelling suggested that the

5% 2025 target was achievable in that group. But, in 2019, current smoking (smoked in

the past 30 days) increased overall from 13.1% in 2015 to 14.4% in 2019, with the increase

being greater in boys than girls (16.2%) vs (12.8% ). This threatens the Tobacco Free

Ireland endgame and we drew on data from two waves (2015 and 2019) of the Irish ESPAD

(European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs) to analyse the use of tobacco

products by teenagers and offer an explanation for the change.

Heated tobacco product use and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and low birth weight: analysis of a cross-sectional, web-based survey in Japan

Published: 21/09/2021, BMJ Open

Conclusions: In Japan, the incidence of ever HTP use exceeded 10% among pregnant women, and HTP smoking may be associated with maternal and neonatal risks.

Estimating the equity impacts of the smoking ban in England on cotinine levels: a regression discontinuity design

Published: 21/09/2021, BMJ Open

Results: Before the 2007 ban, socioeconomic deprivation was associated with higher cotinine levels for non-smokers but not for smokers. The ban caused a significant reduction in average cotinine levels for non-smokers (p=0.043) but had no effect for smokers (p=0.817). Reductions for non-smokers were greater for more deprived groups with higher levels of exposure, and there was a significant reduction in socioeconomic-related inequality in cotinine.

Research Trawl 11 - 17 September

Effectiveness of ENDS, NRT and medication for smoking cessation among cigarette-only users: a longitudinal analysis of PATH Study wave 3 (2015–2016) and 4 (2016–2017), adult data

Published: 15/09/2021, Tobacco Control

Conclusion: No differences were found when cessation rates of ENDS, NRT or non-NRT medication were compared. Given uncertainty about the long-term health effect of ENDS and the likelihood of becoming dual users, people who smoke and need assistance quitting should be encouraged to use current Food and Drug Administration-approved cessation methods until more effective methods are developed.

Electronic cigarette and smoking paraphernalia point of sale displays: an observational study in England

Published: 13/09/2021, Tobacco Control

Conclusion: E-cigarette and smoking paraphernalia POS displays are near ubiquitous and highly visible in major tobacco retailers in two cities in England. The impact of these displays on tobacco smoking in children and adults is unknown, meriting urgent research to assess their effect on susceptibility to tobacco smoking in children.

Turning a threat into an opportunity: British American Tobacco’s weakening of the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products

Published: 16/09/2021, Tobacco Control

Conclusions: BAT’s primary interest in shaping the Protocol was to minimise its financial and legal costs for BAT while maximising potential costs to small competitors. These findings raise concern about the Protocol’s ability to control the ITT, particularly given TTCs’ intention to influence ongoing national implementation. An effective Protocol is vital to controlling both the ITT and ongoing tobacco industry involvement in it and, in turn, governments’ ability to increase tobacco taxes and thereby save lives.

Interplay of food and tobacco product descriptors and health claims

Published: 12/09/2021, Tobacco Control

Editorial: (excerpt) … The authors call further attention to Winston’s advertising as an example of health-related claims being made where familiar terminology in the food sector is also applied to cigarettes.

Chronic E-Cigarette Exposure Alters Human Alveolar Macrophage Morphology and Gene Expression

Published: 14/09/2021, Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Conclusions: These data indicate that vaping causes unique changes to AMs and bronchial epithelia compared to non-smokers and smokers which may impact pulmonary host defense.

Looking Back and Going Forward: Roles of Varenicline and Electronic Cigarettes in Smoking Cessation

Published: 02/08/2021, Cureus

Conclusion: Varenicline and ECs have data suggesting efficacy for smoking cessation; however, unlike varenicline, ECs were not effective in all studies.

Smoking for two- effects of tobacco consumption on placenta

Published: 11/09/2021, Molecular Aspects of Medicine

Aim: In this review, we examine epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies of smoking effects on immunoregulation during pregnancy, trophoblast function, and placental vasculature development and metabolism. We aim to identify effects of tobacco smoke components on specific placental compartments or cells, which may contribute to the understanding of the influences of maternal smoking on placenta function in normal and pathological pregnancies

Predicting Adolescent Electronic Cigarette Use: Differences by Never, Ever, and Current Users

Published: 15/09/2021, Journal of Pediatic Psychology

Conclusions: problem behaviour theory (PBT) variables differentiated between ever ECIG use and never ECIG use. However, these variables did not differentiate between ever and current ECIG use. Identifying unique risk factors for current versus ever ECIG use is important to understanding persistent ECIG use and subsequent targeted prevention and intervention programs.

Political Ideology and the Support or Opposition to United States Tobacco Control Policies

Published: 15/09/2021, JAMA Network Open

Discussion: Our findings suggest that individuals identifying as liberals support removing tobacco products from customers’ view and keeping pro-tobacco advertisements away from registers and windows, while conservatives oppose these evidence-based tobacco control measures. Furthermore, liberals were more likely to support tobacco products not being advertised on social media and having warning labels with both images and words on cigarette packs; however, they opposed giving R ratings to movies that depict smoking.

Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation

Published: 14/09/2021, Cochrane Library

Results: There was moderate‐certainty evidence, limited by imprecision, that quit rates were higher in people randomized to nicotine EC than in those randomized to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) (risk ratio (RR) 1.53). There was moderate‐certainty evidence, again limited by imprecision, that quit rates were higher in people randomized to nicotine EC than to non‐nicotine EC (RR 1.94). Compared to behavioural support only/no support, quit rates were higher for participants randomized to nicotine EC (RR 2.61,

Research Trawl 4 - 10 September

Synthetic nicotine has arrived

Published: 07/90/2021, Tobacco Control

Special Communication: The introduction of a new product line of the popular disposable electronic cigarette brand Puffbar, advertised as containing synthetic nicotine, has drawn attention to the increasing use of synthetic nicotine in marketed products and its uncertain regulatory status. […] Vendors claim that the FDA has no authority to regulate synthetic nicotine as a tobacco product, allowing them to circumvent the premarket tobacco product application process. However, legal analysis suggests that FDA may have the authority to regulate synthetic nicotine as a drug. Alternatively, Congress needs to include nicotine from any source within the legal definition of tobacco products.

Associations of tobacco retailer density and proximity with adult tobacco use behaviours and health outcomes: a meta-analysis

Published: 03/09/2021, Tobacco Control

Conclusions: Across studies, lower levels of tobacco retailer density and decreased proximity are associated with lower tobacco use. Reducing tobacco supply by limiting retailer density and proximity may lead to reductions in tobacco use. Policy evaluations are needed.

Population-level interventions and health disparities -the devil is in the detail

Published: 09/09/2021, Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Editorial excerpt: To speed up progress towards curbing the global tobacco epidemic, there have been calls for population-level interventions aimed at reducing both the prevalence and uptake of tobacco. Carefully designed population-level interventions may reduce tobacco-related health

disparities too. Conversely, if these interventions are not sensitive to the existing social

gradient between population subgroups, they can inadvertently widen inequalities

Nicotine metabolism predicted by CYP2A6 genotypes in relation to smoking cessation: A systematic review

Published: 03/09/2021, Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Implications: Most studies included in this review were of European ancestry populations; these showed slower nicotine metabolism was associated with increased likelihood of smoking cessation in a dose-related manner. Pharmacotherapy appeared to attenuate or modify this association among people of European ancestry, but it is unclear whether the change in the association remains consistent after treatment ceases. This finding has implications for precision medicine cessation interventions. Based on only a few studies of people of Asian or African ancestry, the association between CYP2A6 variants and cessation may differ from that observed among those of European ancestry, but more evidence is needed.

Human Abuse Liability Assessment of Tobacco and Nicotine Products: Approaches for Meeting Current Regulatory Recommendations

Published: 09/09/2021, Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Implications: This review provides a practical inspection of the current, international regulatory recommendations for abuse liability assessment of tobacco, regulatory review of such information within the U.S., and recommends study designs and methods for abuse liability testing of tobacco products based on scientific and regulatory knowledge.

Antecedents and Consequences of Smoking Cessation Intention in the Context of the Global COVID-19 Infodemic

Published: 08/2021, Frontiers in Public Health

Conclusions: The study found that cessation intention partially mediated the effect of perceived severity and fully mediated the effects of perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and addiction on support for control measures. In addition, a positively-valenced message of the effect of smoking on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 vs. a mixedly-valenced message was significant in predicting cessation intention, and the positively-valenced message of smoking indirectly predicted support for tobacco control measures. Perceived susceptibility, barriers, and subjective norms, however, exerted neither direct nor indirect effects on the two outcome variables.

Explosions, Burn Injuries and Adverse Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Review of Current Regulations and Future Perspectives

Published: 09/2021, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacological Sciences

Conclusions: Overall, the current literature demonstrates that ENDS are not a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes due to explosion risks and negative health effects including addiction, adverse respiratory and cardiovascular effects, heavy metal leaching, and toxic byproducts exposure. These risks warrant regulation of ENDS devices and formulations, with urgency underscored by their increasing popularity among youth and adults.

Genome-wide methylation data improves dissection of the effect of smoking on body mass index

Published: 09/09/2021, PLOS Genetics

Conclusion: …We estimated that genetics accounted for 50% of the variation in BMI. Self-reported smoking status contributed only 2% of BMI variation, increasing to 22% when estimated using DNA methylation. Interactions between genes and smoking contributed an extra 10%.

Development and testing of relative risk-based health messages for electronic cigarette products

Published: 08/09/2021,Harm Reduction Journal

Conclusions: These alternative messages provide a useful resource for future research and for policy makers considering updating e-cigarette product labelling.

Association between electronic nicotine delivery systems and electronic non-nicotine delivery systems with initiation of tobacco use in individuals aged < 20 years. A systematic review and meta-analysis

Published: 08/09/2021, PLoS One

Findings: …Ever users of ENDS/ENNDS had over three times the risk of ever cigarette use (Adjusted Risk Ration (ARR) 3·01) , and current cigarette use had over two times the risk (ARR 2·56) at follow up. Among current ENDS/ENNDS users, there was a significant association with ever (ARR 2·63) but not current cigarette use (ARR 1·88) at follow up. For other tobacco use, ARR ranged between 1·55 and 8·32 for waterpipe and pipes, respectively. Additionally, two studies examined the use of ENNDS (non-nicotine devices) and found a pooled ARR of 2·56. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for policies that regulate the availability, accessibility, and marketing of ENDS/ENNDS to children and adolescents. Governments should also consider adopting policies to prevent ENDS/ENNDS uptake and use in children and adolescents, up to and including a ban for this group

Research Trawl 28 August - 3 September

The Comparative Effectiveness of Varenicline and Nicotine Patches for Smoking Abstinence During Pregnancy: Evidence From a Population-based Cohort Study

Published: October 2021, Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Conclusions: Varenicline was almost three times more effective than nicotine patches in assisting pregnant women to quit smoking. Further studies are needed to corroborate our results. Together with data on the safety of varenicline during pregnancy, evidence regarding the relative benefit of varenicline and NRT during pregnancy important for informing clinical decisions for pregnant smokers.

Self-Reported Quit Aids and Assistance Used By Smokers At Their Most Recent Quit Attempt: Findings from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey

Published: October 2021, Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Results: Among all respondents, at last quit attempt, 28.8% used NRT, 28.0% used an NVP, 12.0% used OPT, 7.8% used a cessation service, 1.7% used a tobacco product, 16.5% other cessation support, and 38.6% used no aid/assistance. Slightly more than half of all smokers and ex-smokers (57.2%) reported using any type of pharmacotherapy (NRT or OPT) and/or an NVP, half-used NRT and/or an NVP (49.9%), and 38.4% used any type of pharmacotherapy (NRT and/or OPT). A quarter of smokers/ex-smokers used a combination of aids.

The Relationship Between Trauma Exposure and Adult Tobacco Use: Analysis of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (III)

Published: October 2021, Nicotine and Tobacco Control

Results: Approximately 44% of participants had experienced trauma; 6% experienced trauma + PTSD. Trauma exposed participants had a higher prevalence of tobacco use (30%––46% vs. 22%) and poly-tobacco use (34%––35% vs. 28%) than unexposed participants. Cigarettes were the most used tobacco product; trauma + PTSD (19%), and trauma (15%) participants had a higher prevalence of e-cigarette use than unexposed participants (11%). Trauma exposure was associated with current tobacco use (AOR = 1.36 trauma + PTSD; 1.23 trauma) (but not former use), particularly among participants exposed to violence/abuse (AOR = 1.23). Personality and substance use disorders were strongly associated with current and former tobacco use.

Associations of tobacco retailer density and proximity with adult tobacco use behaviours and health outcomes: a meta-analysis

Published: 03/09/2021, Tobacco Control

Alternative Tobacco Product Use and Smoking Quit Attempts Among Teenagers in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study

Published: 29/08/2021, Cureus

Conclusion: This study did not show a statistically significant association between the awareness and use of e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products and tobacco smoking quit attempts. Race, age, and exposure to household tobacco smoking were positively associated with quit attempts. Further studies are needed to clarify whether the use and awareness of e-cigarettes and HTPs are associated with tobacco smoking quit attempts within the US adolescent population.

Increased Smoking Cessation among Veterans with Large Decreases in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Severity

Published: 03/09/2021, Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Conclusions: Patients with clinically meaningful PTSD improvement were significantly more likely to stop smoking. Further research should determine if targeted interventions are needed or whether improvement in PTSD symptoms is sufficient to enable smoking cessation.

Galantamine as a Treatment Option for Nicotine Addiction

Published: 17/07/2021, Journal of Smoking Cessation

Abstract: Varenicline is the only established drug used to alleviate symptoms of craving as it acts as a partial nicotine agonist. Galantamine has a similar mechanism of action where it is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and nicotinic receptor agonist. However, varenicline is the only recommended drug. There are not many studies to illustrate the effectiveness of galantamine for smoking cessation. This article explores the possibility of potential use of galantamine in alleviating the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.

Effects of brief exposure to misinformation about e-cigarette harms on twitter: a randomised controlled experiment

Published: 01/09/2021, BMJ Open

Conclusions: US and UK adult current smokers may be deterred from considering using e-cigarettes after brief exposure to tweets that e-cigarettes were just as or more harmful than smoking. Conversely, US adult current smokers may be encouraged to use e-cigarettes after exposure to tweets that e-cigarettes are completely harmless. These findings suggest that misinformation about e-cigarette harms may influence some adult smokers' decisions to consider using e-cigarettes.

Oral and periodontal implications of tobacco and nicotine products

Published: October 2021, Peridontology 2000

Review: This review provides an overview of selected tobacco and nicotine products with an emphasis on their implications for periodontal disease risk and clinical management. Also presented are strategies for tobacco use counselling and cessation support that dental professionals can implement in practice.

Research Trawl 29 August - 3 September

The Comparative Effectiveness of Varenicline and Nicotine Patches for Smoking Abstinence During Pregnancy: Evidence From a Population-based Cohort Study

Published: October 2021, Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Self-Reported Quit Aids and Assistance Used By Smokers At Their Most Recent Quit Attempt: Findings from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey

Published: October 2021, Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Results: Among all respondents, at last quit attempt, 28.8% used NRT, 28.0% used an NVP, 12.0% used OPT, 7.8% used a cessation service, 1.7% used a tobacco product, 16.5% other cessation support, and 38.6% used no aid/assistance. Slightly more than half of all smokers and ex-smokers (57.2%) reported using any type of pharmacotherapy (NRT or OPT) and/or an NVP, half-used NRT and/or an NVP (49.9%), and 38.4% used any type of pharmacotherapy (NRT and/or OPT). A quarter of smokers/ex-smokers used a combination of aids.

The Relationship Between Trauma Exposure and Adult Tobacco Use: Analysis of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (III)

Published: October 2021, Nicotine and Tobacco Control

Results: Approximately 44% of participants had experienced trauma; 6% experienced trauma + PTSD. Trauma exposed participants had a higher prevalence of tobacco use (30%––46% vs. 22%) and poly-tobacco use (34%––35% vs. 28%) than unexposed participants. Cigarettes were the most used tobacco product; trauma + PTSD (19%), and trauma (15%) participants had a higher prevalence of e-cigarette use than unexposed participants (11%). Trauma exposure was associated with current tobacco use (AOR = 1.36 trauma + PTSD; 1.23 trauma) (but not former use), particularly among participants exposed to violence/abuse (AOR = 1.23). Personality and substance use disorders were strongly associated with current and former tobacco use.

Associations of tobacco retailer density and proximity with adult tobacco use behaviours and health outcomes: a meta-analysis

Published: 03/09/2021, Tobacco Control

Alternative Tobacco Product Use and Smoking Quit Attempts Among Teenagers in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study

Published: 29/08/2021, Cureus

Conclusion: This study did not show a statistically significant association between the awareness and use of e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products and tobacco smoking quit attempts. Race, age, and exposure to household tobacco smoking were positively associated with quit attempts. Further studies are needed to clarify whether the use and awareness of e-cigarettes and HTPs are associated with tobacco smoking quit attempts within the US adolescent population.

Increased Smoking Cessation among Veterans with Large Decreases in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Severity

Published: 03/09/2021, Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Galantamine as a Treatment Option for Nicotine Addiction

Published: 17/07/2021, Journal of Smoking Cessation

Effects of brief exposure to misinformation about e-cigarette harms on twitter: a randomised controlled experiment

Published: 01/09/2021, BMJ Open

Oral and periodontal implications of tobacco and nicotine products

Published: October 2021, Peridontology 2000